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Koha is an open-source library system written in Perl.

PHP is a scripting language for creating websites.

Perl is a general-purpose, interpreted language, nowadays also used to create web pages.

JavaScript is a lightweight, object-oriented, cross-platform scripting language, often used within web pages.

jQuery is a JavaScript library that simplifies HTML document traversing, event handling, animating and Ajax interaction. Originally developed by John Resig.

Bootstrap is an open source HTML, CSS, and JavaScript framework.

Popper is an open source JavaScript library for tooltips and popovers.

Bootstrap is an open source HTML, CSS, and JavaScript framework.

Nginx (pronounced as "engine X") is a lightweight open source web server developed by Igor Sysoev.

Cloudflare Server is a web server developed by Cloudflare.

Cloudflare provides a content delivery network.

Cloudflare provides DNS servers and other web services.

Gmail is the email service provided by Google.

Let’s Encrypt is a free, automated, and open certificate authority provided by the Internet Security Research Group.

GlobalSign is an IT security service provider, also operating as SSL certificate authority.

The CDNJS is a content distribution network, hosting a large number of JavaScript libraries, provided by CloudFlare.

jsDelivr is a service for hosting JavaScript files.

The jQuery CDN hosts copies of the jQuery library, provided by MaxCDN.

Google Hosted Libraries (formerly called Google Libraries API) is a content distribution network for the most popular, open-source JavaScript libraries, provided by Google.

The Google Advertising network consists of AdSense, DoubleClick and other services.

The Google Tag Manager is a Google service to support webmasters to manage tags on their websites.

External Cascading Style Sheets define style rules in a separate CSS file.

Embedded Cascading Style Sheets define a set of style rules in a <style> element within a web page.

Inline Cascading Style Sheets define style rules directly within an (X)HTML element using the style attribute.

Gzip (GNU zip) is a file compression algorithm.

HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) defines a mechanism enabling web sites to declare themselves accessible only via secure connections.

Zstandard is a lossless data compression algorithm developed by Yann Collet at Facebook.

Session cookies are temporary cookies, which are deleted when the user closes the browser.

Non-HttpOnly cookies are used in the HTTP protocol and also in client side scripts, which may be a security threat.

Non-secure cookies may be used via an unencrypted connections, which may be a security threat.

The Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) provides amongst others a vastly larger address space than the preceding version 4. We consider a website to support IPv6 if a 128-bit address is assigned to it, regardless of the content delivered at that address.

HTTP/2 is the second major version of the HTTP network protocol.

HTTP/3 is the third major version of the HTTP network protocol, derived from the QUIC protocol.

The websites redirects visitors to use SSL encryption, e.g. from http://example.com/ to https://example.com/.

HTML5 is the fifth revision of the HTML standard.

Transitional version of HTML.

UTF-8 (8-bit Unicode Transformation Format) is a variable-length character encoding for Unicode, which is backwards compatible with ASCII.

PNG (Portable Network Graphics) is a lossless compression image format, suitable to store graphics with uniformly colored areas, and originally introduced as a free, open-source successor of GIF.

JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) is a lossy compression method suitable to store photographic images.

GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) is a lossless compression image format, originally introduced by CompuServe and suitable to store graphics, logos and simple animations.

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