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JavaScript is a lightweight, object-oriented, cross-platform scripting language.

JavaScript is a lightweight, object-oriented, cross-platform scripting language, often used within web pages.

Next.js is an open source JavaScript framework based on React and Node.js.

jQuery is a JavaScript library that simplifies HTML document traversing, event handling, animating and Ajax interaction. Originally developed by John Resig.

Modernizr is a JavaScript library that detects HTML5 and CSS3 features in the visitors browser.

Nuxt.js is an open source JavaScript framework based on Vue and Node.js.

Express is a web framework for Node.js.

Cloudflare Server is a web server developed by Cloudflare.

Node.js is a server-side JavaScript environment for writing network programs such as web servers, originally developed by Ryan Dahl.

Envoy Proxy is a proxy server designed for large service-oriented architectures.

Nginx (pronounced as "engine X") is a lightweight open source web server developed by Igor Sysoev.

Hetzner is a German web hosting provider.

Hetzner is a German web hosting provider.

Cloudflare provides a content delivery network.

Amazon CloudFront is a content delivery web service by Amazon.

Cloudflare provides DNS servers and other web services.

Microsoft is a multinational technology company headquartered in USA, also offering email services.

GlobalSign is an IT security service provider, also operating as SSL certificate authority.

Let’s Encrypt is a free, automated, and open certificate authority provided by the Internet Security Research Group.

Google Analytics is a free service to get detailed statistics about the visitors of a website, provided by Google. This includes the Ads conversion tracking and the Floodlight services.

Microsoft Clarity is a website visitor tracking tool.

Chartbeat is a real-time web analytics tool by Betaworks.

The Google Advertising network consists of AdSense, DoubleClick and other services.

The Google Tag Manager is a Google service to support webmasters to manage tags on their websites.

External Cascading Style Sheets define style rules in a separate CSS file.

Embedded Cascading Style Sheets define a set of style rules in a <style> element within a web page.

Inline Cascading Style Sheets define style rules directly within an (X)HTML element using the style attribute.

Session cookies are temporary cookies, which are deleted when the user closes the browser.

Persistent cookies with an expiration time between 1 month and 1 year.

HttpOnly cookies are used only in the HTTP protocol and not in client side scripts, which may increase security.

Non-HttpOnly cookies are used in the HTTP protocol and also in client side scripts, which may be a security threat.

Non-secure cookies may be used via an unencrypted connections, which may be a security threat.

Gzip (GNU zip) is a file compression algorithm.

A strong ETag is an HTTP header field for validation of cached web pages, that indicates a byte-for-byte identical page in the cache.

The Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) provides amongst others a vastly larger address space than the preceding version 4. We consider a website to support IPv6 if a 128-bit address is assigned to it, regardless of the content delivered at that address.

HTTP/2 is the second major version of the HTTP network protocol.

HTTP/3 is the third major version of the HTTP network protocol, derived from the QUIC protocol.

HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) defines a mechanism enabling web sites to declare themselves accessible only via secure connections.

The websites redirects visitors to its www subdomain, e.g. from example.com to www.example.com.

The websites redirects visitors to use SSL encryption, e.g. from http://example.com/ to https://example.com/.

The Open Graph protocol, originally developed by Facebook, is an RDFa-based format that enables any web page to become a rich object in a social graph.

Twitter/X Cards enable automatic attachment of photos, videos and media elements to tweets.

JSON-LD (JavaScript Object Notation for Linked Data) is a method of encoding Linked Data using JSON.

Generic RDFa (Resource Description Framework in attributes) is RDFa without further specialization.

HTML5 is the fifth revision of the HTML standard.

UTF-8 (8-bit Unicode Transformation Format) is a variable-length character encoding for Unicode, which is backwards compatible with ASCII.

PNG (Portable Network Graphics) is a lossless compression image format, suitable to store graphics with uniformly colored areas, and originally introduced as a free, open-source successor of GIF.

JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) is a lossy compression method suitable to store photographic images.

Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) is an XML-based vector image format.

GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) is a lossless compression image format, originally introduced by CompuServe and suitable to store graphics, logos and simple animations.

AVIF (AV1 Image File Format) is an image file format specification for storing images or image sequences compressed with AV1 in the HEIF file format.

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