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Ghost is an open source publishing platform built on Node.js, originally developed by John O'Nolan.

Nextcloud is an open source cloud collaboration platform, forked from ownCloud, written in PHP.

Mastodon is an open source social network platform based on Ruby on Rails.

PHP is a scripting language for creating websites.

Ruby is a general-purpose object-oriented language originally developed by Yukihiro "Matz" Matsumoto in Japan.

JavaScript is a lightweight, object-oriented, cross-platform scripting language. This includes TypeScript.

JavaScript is a lightweight, object-oriented, cross-platform scripting language, often used within web pages.

Express is a web framework for Node.js.

Polyfill.io provides tailored code that implements features on web browsers without native support.

Bootstrap is an open source HTML, CSS, and JavaScript framework.

Nginx (pronounced as "engine X") is a lightweight open source web server developed by Igor Sysoev.

The Apache HTTP Server is an open source web server by the Apache Software Foundation.

Node.js is a server-side JavaScript environment for writing network programs such as web servers, originally developed by Ryan Dahl.

Debian is a Linux distribution.

Scaleway is a French web hosting provider owned by Iliad. This includes the Dedibox and Online.net brands.

Scaleway is a French web hosting provider owned by Iliad. This includes the Dedibox and Online.net brands.

OVH is an internet service provider headquartered in France.

Migadu is a Swiss email service provider.

Let’s Encrypt is a free, automated, and open certificate authority provided by the Internet Security Research Group.

jsDelivr is a service for hosting JavaScript files.

Matomo (formerly Piwik) is an open source web analytics program.

External Cascading Style Sheets define style rules in a separate CSS file.

Embedded Cascading Style Sheets define a set of style rules in a <style> element within a web page.

Inline Cascading Style Sheets define style rules directly within an (X)HTML element using the style attribute.

Session cookies are temporary cookies, which are deleted when the user closes the browser.

HttpOnly cookies are used only in the HTTP protocol and not in client side scripts, which may increase security.

Secure cookies are used only via an encrypted connections, which may increase security.

Gzip (GNU zip) is a file compression algorithm.

Brotli is a lossless compression algorithm developed by Google.

A strong ETag is an HTTP header field for validation of cached web pages, that indicates a byte-for-byte identical page in the cache.

A weak ETag is an HTTP header field for validation of cached web pages, that indicates a semantically equivalent page in the cache.

HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) defines a mechanism enabling web sites to declare themselves accessible only via secure connections.

The websites redirects visitors to use SSL encryption, e.g. from http://example.com/ to https://example.com/.

The Open Graph protocol, originally developed by Facebook, is an RDFa-based format that enables any web page to become a rich object in a social graph.

Twitter/X Cards enable automatic attachment of photos, videos and media elements to tweets.

JSON-LD (JavaScript Object Notation for Linked Data) is a method of encoding Linked Data using JSON.

Generic RDFa (Resource Description Framework in attributes) is RDFa without further specialization.

HTML5 is the fifth revision of the HTML standard.

UTF-8 (8-bit Unicode Transformation Format) is a variable-length character encoding for Unicode, which is backwards compatible with ASCII.

PNG (Portable Network Graphics) is a lossless compression image format, suitable to store graphics with uniformly colored areas, and originally introduced as a free, open-source successor of GIF.

Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) is an XML-based vector image format.

GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) is a lossless compression image format, originally introduced by CompuServe and suitable to store graphics, logos and simple animations.

JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) is a lossy compression method suitable to store photographic images.

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