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Duda is a hosted website building service.

SmugMug is a hosted system for creating photo websites.

Koken is a content management and web site publishing system for photographers written in PHP.

Java is a general-purpose language originally developed by Sun Microsystems.

PHP is a scripting language for creating websites.

JavaScript is a lightweight, object-oriented, cross-platform scripting language, often used within web pages.

React is an open source JavaScript library for building user interfaces, developed by Facebook.

jQuery is a JavaScript library that simplifies HTML document traversing, event handling, animating and Ajax interaction. Originally developed by John Resig.

Nginx (pronounced as "engine X") is a lightweight open source web server developed by Igor Sysoev.

The Apache HTTP Server is an open source web server by the Apache Software Foundation.

Linux is a Unix-like open source operating system originally developed by Linus Torvalds.

Duda is a hosted website building service.

SmugMug is a hosted system for creating photo websites.

Amazon is a US-based e-commerce and cloud computing provider.

Amazon is a US-based e-commerce and cloud computing provider.

GoDaddy is a provider of internet services. This includes the former brand Media Temple.

GoDaddy is a provider of internet services. This includes the former brand Media Temple.

Let’s Encrypt is a free, automated, and open certificate authority provided by the Internet Security Research Group.

Google Hosted Libraries (formerly called Google Libraries API) is a content distribution network for the most popular, open-source JavaScript libraries, provided by Google.

Snowplow is an open-source web analytics platform.

The Google Advertising network consists of AdSense, DoubleClick and other services.

External Cascading Style Sheets define style rules in a separate CSS file.

Embedded Cascading Style Sheets define a set of style rules in a <style> element within a web page.

Inline Cascading Style Sheets define style rules directly within an (X)HTML element using the style attribute.

Session cookies are temporary cookies, which are deleted when the user closes the browser.

Persistent cookies with an expiration time between 1 day and 1 month.

Persistent cookies with an expiration time between 1 month and 1 year.

HttpOnly cookies are used only in the HTTP protocol and not in client side scripts, which may increase security.

Non-HttpOnly cookies are used in the HTTP protocol and also in client side scripts, which may be a security threat.

Secure cookies are used only via an encrypted connections, which may increase security.

Gzip (GNU zip) is a file compression algorithm.

A strong ETag is an HTTP header field for validation of cached web pages, that indicates a byte-for-byte identical page in the cache.

HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) defines a mechanism enabling web sites to declare themselves accessible only via secure connections.

The websites redirects visitors to its www subdomain, e.g. from example.com to www.example.com.

The websites redirects visitors to use SSL encryption, e.g. from http://example.com/ to https://example.com/.

The Open Graph protocol, originally developed by Facebook, is an RDFa-based format that enables any web page to become a rich object in a social graph.

Twitter/X Cards enable automatic attachment of photos, videos and media elements to tweets.

JSON-LD (JavaScript Object Notation for Linked Data) is a method of encoding Linked Data using JSON.

Generic RDFa (Resource Description Framework in attributes) is RDFa without further specialization.

HTML5 is the fifth revision of the HTML standard.

UTF-8 (8-bit Unicode Transformation Format) is a variable-length character encoding for Unicode, which is backwards compatible with ASCII.

PNG (Portable Network Graphics) is a lossless compression image format, suitable to store graphics with uniformly colored areas, and originally introduced as a free, open-source successor of GIF.

JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) is a lossy compression method suitable to store photographic images.

Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) is an XML-based vector image format.

Commercial entities