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PHP is a scripting language for creating websites.

JavaScript is a lightweight, object-oriented, cross-platform scripting language, often used within web pages.

Nginx (pronounced as "engine X") is a lightweight open source web server developed by Igor Sysoev.

DigitalOcean is a US-based internet services provider.

Let’s Encrypt is a free, automated, and open certificate authority provided by the Internet Security Research Group.

External Cascading Style Sheets define style rules in a separate CSS file.

Inline Cascading Style Sheets define style rules directly within an (X)HTML element using the style attribute.

Persistent cookies with an expiration time between 1 day and 1 month.

HttpOnly cookies are used only in the HTTP protocol and not in client side scripts, which may increase security.

Non-HttpOnly cookies are used in the HTTP protocol and also in client side scripts, which may be a security threat.

Non-secure cookies may be used via an unencrypted connections, which may be a security threat.

Gzip (GNU zip) is a file compression algorithm.

A weak ETag is an HTTP header field for validation of cached web pages, that indicates a semantically equivalent page in the cache.

The Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) provides amongst others a vastly larger address space than the preceding version 4. We consider a website to support IPv6 if a 128-bit address is assigned to it, regardless of the content delivered at that address.

HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) defines a mechanism enabling web sites to declare themselves accessible only via secure connections.

The websites redirects visitors to use SSL encryption, e.g. from http://example.com/ to https://example.com/.

Embedded Cascading Style Sheets define a set of style rules in a <style> element within a web page.

Session cookies are temporary cookies, which are deleted when the user closes the browser.

Persistent cookies with an expiration time of up to 1 day.

The Open Graph protocol, originally developed by Facebook, is an RDFa-based format that enables any web page to become a rich object in a social graph.

HTML5 is the fifth revision of the HTML standard.

UTF-8 (8-bit Unicode Transformation Format) is a variable-length character encoding for Unicode, which is backwards compatible with ASCII.

PNG (Portable Network Graphics) is a lossless compression image format, suitable to store graphics with uniformly colored areas, and originally introduced as a free, open-source successor of GIF.

Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) is an XML-based vector image format.

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