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Arc XP is a hosted content management system for news publishers, owned by the Washington Post.

Zendesk provides hosted customer service software.

Unbounce is a landing page generator.

Ruby is a general-purpose object-oriented language originally developed by Yukihiro "Matz" Matsumoto in Japan.

Python is a general-purpose scripting language.

JavaScript is a lightweight, object-oriented, cross-platform scripting language, often used within web pages.

React is an open source JavaScript library for building user interfaces, developed by Facebook.

jQuery is a JavaScript library that simplifies HTML document traversing, event handling, animating and Ajax interaction. Originally developed by John Resig.

Bootstrap is an open source HTML, CSS, and JavaScript framework.

Bootstrap is an open source HTML, CSS, and JavaScript framework.

Nginx (pronounced as "engine X") is a lightweight open source web server developed by Igor Sysoev.

Cloudflare Server is a web server developed by Cloudflare.

Envoy Proxy is a proxy server designed for large service-oriented architectures.

Arc XP is a hosted content management system for news publishers, owned by the Washington Post.

Zendesk provides hosted customer service software.

Unbounce is a hosted landing page creation platform.

Amazon is a US-based e-commerce and cloud computing provider.

Akamai provides a content delivery network. This includes the former brands Instart Logic and StackPath.

Cloudflare provides a content delivery network.

Nameshield is an IT service provider specialized in cybersecurity.

Microsoft is a multinational technology company headquartered in USA, also offering email services.

Zendesk provides hosted customer service software.

Let’s Encrypt is a free, automated, and open certificate authority provided by the Internet Security Research Group.

The CDNJS is a content distribution network, hosting a large number of JavaScript libraries, provided by CloudFlare.

Google Analytics is a free service to get detailed statistics about the visitors of a website, provided by Google. This includes the Ads conversion tracking and the Floodlight services.

Meta Pixel (formerly Facebook Pixel) is an analytics tool to track actions on websites.

Microsoft UET (Universal Event Tracking) records what visitors do on a website after they click on an ad.

The LinkedIn Insight Tag helps to optimize LinkedIn campaigns.

Amplitude provides a product data analytics, including web analytics platform.

The Google Advertising network consists of AdSense, DoubleClick and other services.

Microsoft Advertising is an advertising platform by Microsoft. This includes the former brands Xandr, AppNexus, Aquantive and others.

Life360 Ads (formerly Nativo and PostRelease) is a network for native advertising.

The Google Tag Manager is a Google service to support webmasters to manage tags on their websites.

Facebook Social Plugins provide a way for Facebook users to share web pages with their friends.

A Twitter/X Button allows a Twitter user to post a tweet from the visited site.

LinkedIn Share Buttons enable visitors to to share website content with their LinkedIn network.

External Cascading Style Sheets define style rules in a separate CSS file.

Embedded Cascading Style Sheets define a set of style rules in a <style> element within a web page.

Inline Cascading Style Sheets define style rules directly within an (X)HTML element using the style attribute.

Gzip (GNU zip) is a file compression algorithm.

Brotli is a lossless compression algorithm developed by Google.

A weak ETag is an HTTP header field for validation of cached web pages, that indicates a semantically equivalent page in the cache.

The Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) provides amongst others a vastly larger address space than the preceding version 4. We consider a website to support IPv6 if a 128-bit address is assigned to it, regardless of the content delivered at that address.

HTTP/2 is the second major version of the HTTP network protocol.

HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) defines a mechanism enabling web sites to declare themselves accessible only via secure connections.

The websites redirects visitors to its www subdomain, e.g. from example.com to www.example.com.

The websites redirects visitors to use SSL encryption, e.g. from http://example.com/ to https://example.com/.

Persistent cookies with an expiration time of up to 1 day.

Persistent cookies with an expiration time between 1 day and 1 month.

Persistent cookies with an expiration time between 1 month and 1 year.

HttpOnly cookies are used only in the HTTP protocol and not in client side scripts, which may increase security.

Non-HttpOnly cookies are used in the HTTP protocol and also in client side scripts, which may be a security threat.

Secure cookies are used only via an encrypted connections, which may increase security.

Non-secure cookies may be used via an unencrypted connections, which may be a security threat.

A strong ETag is an HTTP header field for validation of cached web pages, that indicates a byte-for-byte identical page in the cache.

HTTP/3 is the third major version of the HTTP network protocol, derived from the QUIC protocol.

The Open Graph protocol, originally developed by Facebook, is an RDFa-based format that enables any web page to become a rich object in a social graph.

Twitter/X Cards enable automatic attachment of photos, videos and media elements to tweets.

JSON-LD (JavaScript Object Notation for Linked Data) is a method of encoding Linked Data using JSON.

Generic RDFa (Resource Description Framework in attributes) is RDFa without further specialization.

HTML5 is the fifth revision of the HTML standard.

Strict version of XHTML.

UTF-8 (8-bit Unicode Transformation Format) is a variable-length character encoding for Unicode, which is backwards compatible with ASCII.

PNG (Portable Network Graphics) is a lossless compression image format, suitable to store graphics with uniformly colored areas, and originally introduced as a free, open-source successor of GIF.

JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) is a lossy compression method suitable to store photographic images.

Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) is an XML-based vector image format.

TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) is a file format for storing images, either uncompressed or with a lossless compression, developed by Adobe.

WebP is an image format that provides lossless and lossy compression, developed by Google.

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