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Arc XP is a hosted content management system for news publishers, owned by the Washington Post.

WordPress is an open source blog publishing and content management system, based on PHP and MySQL.

PHP is a scripting language for creating websites.

JavaScript is a lightweight, object-oriented, cross-platform scripting language, often used within web pages.

React is an open source JavaScript library for building user interfaces, developed by Facebook.

jQuery is a JavaScript library that simplifies HTML document traversing, event handling, animating and Ajax interaction. Originally developed by John Resig.

Modernizr is a JavaScript library that detects HTML5 and CSS3 features in the visitors browser.

Nginx (pronounced as "engine X") is a lightweight open source web server developed by Igor Sysoev.

The Apache HTTP Server is an open source web server by the Apache Software Foundation.

CentOS is a Linux distribution based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux.

Arc XP is a hosted content management system for news publishers, owned by the Washington Post.

Hetzner is a German web hosting provider.

Amazon is a US-based e-commerce and cloud computing provider.

Hetzner is a German web hosting provider.

Akamai provides a content delivery network. This includes the former brands Instart Logic and StackPath.

Akamai provides a content delivery network.

Gmail is the email service provided by Google.

Let’s Encrypt is a free, automated, and open certificate authority provided by the Internet Security Research Group.

DigiCert is an SSL certificate authority. This includes Verizon, whose Enterprise SSL Business has been acquired by DigiCert.

jsDelivr is a service for hosting JavaScript files.

Google Analytics is a free service to get detailed statistics about the visitors of a website, provided by Google. This includes the Ads conversion tracking and the Floodlight services.

Hotjar is a website analytics and feedback application.

Full Circle Studies collects information about general website visitation patterns as part of the ComScore market research.

Chartbeat is a real-time web analytics tool by Betaworks.

Meta Pixel (formerly Facebook Pixel) is an analytics tool to track actions on websites.

Microsoft Clarity is a website visitor tracking tool.

Adobe Analytics is a web site traffic analysis service formerly called Omniture. Its products include SiteCatalyst, WebSideStory and Hitbox.

Navegg is an open and free website tracking system generating demographic visitor profiles.

The Google Advertising network consists of AdSense, DoubleClick and other services.

Equativ (formerly Smart AdServer) is an advertising networks for ads served on the web, mobile and tablets.

Outbrain is a native advertising platform.

The Google Tag Manager is a Google service to support webmasters to manage tags on their websites.

Facebook Social Plugins provide a way for Facebook users to share web pages with their friends.

A Twitter/X Button allows a Twitter user to post a tweet from the visited site.

External Cascading Style Sheets define style rules in a separate CSS file.

Embedded Cascading Style Sheets define a set of style rules in a <style> element within a web page.

Inline Cascading Style Sheets define style rules directly within an (X)HTML element using the style attribute.

Session cookies are temporary cookies, which are deleted when the user closes the browser.

Persistent cookies with an expiration time between 1 month and 1 year.

Non-HttpOnly cookies are used in the HTTP protocol and also in client side scripts, which may be a security threat.

Secure cookies are used only via an encrypted connections, which may increase security.

Non-secure cookies may be used via an unencrypted connections, which may be a security threat.

Gzip (GNU zip) is a file compression algorithm.

Brotli is a lossless compression algorithm developed by Google.

A weak ETag is an HTTP header field for validation of cached web pages, that indicates a semantically equivalent page in the cache.

The Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) provides amongst others a vastly larger address space than the preceding version 4. We consider a website to support IPv6 if a 128-bit address is assigned to it, regardless of the content delivered at that address.

HTTP/2 is the second major version of the HTTP network protocol.

HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) defines a mechanism enabling web sites to declare themselves accessible only via secure connections.

The websites redirects visitors to its www subdomain, e.g. from example.com to www.example.com.

The websites redirects visitors to use SSL encryption, e.g. from http://example.com/ to https://example.com/.

Persistent cookies with an expiration time of up to 1 day.

HttpOnly cookies are used only in the HTTP protocol and not in client side scripts, which may increase security.

The Open Graph protocol, originally developed by Facebook, is an RDFa-based format that enables any web page to become a rich object in a social graph.

Twitter/X Cards enable automatic attachment of photos, videos and media elements to tweets.

JSON-LD (JavaScript Object Notation for Linked Data) is a method of encoding Linked Data using JSON.

Generic RDFa (Resource Description Framework in attributes) is RDFa without further specialization.

HTML5 is the fifth revision of the HTML standard.

Transitional version of XHTML.

UTF-8 (8-bit Unicode Transformation Format) is a variable-length character encoding for Unicode, which is backwards compatible with ASCII.

JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) is a lossy compression method suitable to store photographic images.

Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) is an XML-based vector image format.

PNG (Portable Network Graphics) is a lossless compression image format, suitable to store graphics with uniformly colored areas, and originally introduced as a free, open-source successor of GIF.

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