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JavaScript is a lightweight, object-oriented, cross-platform scripting language.

JavaScript is a lightweight, object-oriented, cross-platform scripting language, often used within web pages.

Node.js is a server-side JavaScript environment for writing network programs such as web servers, originally developed by Ryan Dahl.

Akamai is a content delivery network. This includes the former brands Instart Logic and StackPath.

Akamai is a content delivery network.

Microsoft is a multinational technology company headquartered in USA, also offering email services.

DigiCert is an SSL certificate authority. This includes Verizon, whose Enterprise SSL Business has been acquired by DigiCert.

jsDelivr is a service for hosting JavaScript files.

Google Analytics is a free service to get detailed statistics about the visitors of a website, provided by Google. This includes the Ads conversion tracking and the Floodlight services.

Full Circle Studies collects information about general website visitation patterns as part of the ComScore market research.

Navegg is an open and free website tracking system generating demographic visitor profiles.

Lotame Crowd Control is an analytics package to measure social media behavior for publishers and advertisers.

Adobe Analytics is a web site traffic analysis service formerly called Omniture. Its products include SiteCatalyst, WebSideStory and Hitbox.

AT Internet provides a range of web traffic analysis tools, including AnalyzerNX and XiTi.

Nielsen provides web site visitor tracking services. This includes the former brand NetRatings.

Meta Pixel (formerly Facebook Pixel) is an analytics tool to track actions on websites.

The Google Advertising network consists of AdSense, DoubleClick and other services.

Amazon Associates is the affiliate program of Amazon.

Equativ (formerly Smart AdServer) is an advertising networks for ads served on the web, mobile and tablets.

AdRoll is an advertising network for retargeting and other advertising formats.

Microsoft Advertising is an advertising platform by Microsoft. This includes the former brands Xandr, AppNexus, Aquantive and others.

OpenX (previously called phpAds, phpAdsNew, MaxMediaManager and Openads) is an open source ad management system and ad marketplace.

Yahoo Advertising (formerly Verizon Media Advertising, Adtech, ONE by AOL, Yahoo Ad Tech and Oath Advertising) offers a range of advertising platforms.

Infolinks is an advertising network offering in-text and other non-banner formats.

VDX.TV (formerly Exponential) offers several online advertising services: Tribal Fusion, FullTango, LeadGenuity and EchoTopic.

PulsePoint (formerly Adsdaq and ContextWeb) is an advertising exchange service.

Adblade is an advertising network focusing on premium publishers.

Awin (formerly Zanox and Affiliate Window) is an affiliate marketing network. This includes the former brand Affilinet.

Rakuten Advertising (formerly Rakuten Affiliate Network and LinkShare) is an advertising network.

The eBay Partner Network is the affiliate program of eBay.

The Google Tag Manager is a Google service to support webmasters to manage tags on their websites.

Facebook Social Plugins provide a way for Facebook users to share web pages with their friends.

A Twitter/X Button allows a Twitter user to post a tweet from the visited site.

External Cascading Style Sheets define style rules in a separate CSS file.

Embedded Cascading Style Sheets define a set of style rules in a <style> element within a web page.

Inline Cascading Style Sheets define style rules directly within an (X)HTML element using the style attribute.

Gzip (GNU zip) is a file compression algorithm.

The Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) provides amongst others a vastly larger address space than the preceding version 4. We consider a website to support IPv6 if a 128-bit address is assigned to it, regardless of the content delivered at that address.

HTTP/2 is the second major version of the HTTP network protocol.

HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) defines a mechanism enabling web sites to declare themselves accessible only via secure connections.

The websites redirects visitors to its www subdomain, e.g. from example.com to www.example.com.

The websites redirects visitors to use SSL encryption, e.g. from http://example.com/ to https://example.com/.

Session cookies are temporary cookies, which are deleted when the user closes the browser.

Persistent cookies with an expiration time of up to 1 day.

HttpOnly cookies are used only in the HTTP protocol and not in client side scripts, which may increase security.

Non-HttpOnly cookies are used in the HTTP protocol and also in client side scripts, which may be a security threat.

Secure cookies are used only via an encrypted connections, which may increase security.

Non-secure cookies may be used via an unencrypted connections, which may be a security threat.

A strong ETag is an HTTP header field for validation of cached web pages, that indicates a byte-for-byte identical page in the cache.

The Open Graph protocol, originally developed by Facebook, is an RDFa-based format that enables any web page to become a rich object in a social graph.

Twitter/X Cards enable automatic attachment of photos, videos and media elements to tweets.

JSON-LD (JavaScript Object Notation for Linked Data) is a method of encoding Linked Data using JSON.

Generic RDFa (Resource Description Framework in attributes) is RDFa without further specialization.

Microdata is a specification to integrate metadata within existing content on web pages.

Transitional version of XHTML.

HTML5 is the fifth revision of the HTML standard.

UTF-8 (8-bit Unicode Transformation Format) is a variable-length character encoding for Unicode, which is backwards compatible with ASCII.

PNG (Portable Network Graphics) is a lossless compression image format, suitable to store graphics with uniformly colored areas, and originally introduced as a free, open-source successor of GIF.

JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) is a lossy compression method suitable to store photographic images.

Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) is an XML-based vector image format.

GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) is a lossless compression image format, originally introduced by CompuServe and suitable to store graphics, logos and simple animations.

ICO is an image file format for computer icons, originally used in Microsoft Windows, on the Web often used for favicons.

WebP is an image format that provides lossless and lossy compression, developed by Google.

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