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JavaScript is a lightweight, object-oriented, cross-platform scripting language. This includes TypeScript.

JavaScript is a lightweight, object-oriented, cross-platform scripting language, often used within web pages.

Next.js is an open source JavaScript framework based on React and Node.js.

Node.js is a server-side JavaScript environment for writing network programs such as web servers, originally developed by Ryan Dahl.

Akamai provides a content delivery network. This includes the former brands Instart Logic and StackPath.

Akamai provides a content delivery network.

Microsoft is a multinational technology company headquartered in USA, also offering email services.

DigiCert is an SSL certificate authority. This includes Verizon, whose Enterprise SSL Business has been acquired by DigiCert.

jsDelivr is a service for hosting JavaScript files.

Adobe Analytics is a web site traffic analysis service formerly called Omniture. Its products include SiteCatalyst, WebSideStory and Hitbox.

Google Analytics is a free service to get detailed statistics about the visitors of a website, provided by Google. This includes the Ads conversion tracking and the Floodlight services.

Full Circle Studies collects information about general website visitation patterns as part of the ComScore market research.

Lotame Crowd Control is an analytics package to measure social media behavior for publishers and advertisers.

ShinyStat is a tool for internet audience analysis and website statistics.

Piano provides analytics and customer data management systems. This includes the former AT Internet brand.

Navegg is an open and free website tracking system generating demographic visitor profiles.

Nielsen provides web site visitor tracking services. This includes the former brand NetRatings.

Meta Pixel (formerly Facebook Pixel) is an analytics tool to track actions on websites.

Visual Website Optimizer (VWO) is a website visitor behavior analysis tool.

The Google Advertising network consists of AdSense, DoubleClick and other services.

Amazon Associates is the affiliate program of Amazon.

Microsoft Advertising is an advertising platform by Microsoft. This includes the former brands Xandr, AppNexus, Aquantive and others.

OpenX (previously called phpAds, phpAdsNew, MaxMediaManager and Openads) is an open source ad management system and ad marketplace.

Equativ (formerly Smart AdServer) is an advertising networks for ads served on the web, mobile and tablets.

AdRoll is an advertising network for retargeting and other advertising formats.

Awin (formerly Zanox and Affiliate Window) is an affiliate marketing network. This includes the former brands Affilinet and ShareASale.

CJ Affiliate (formerly Commission Junction) is an online advertising and affiliate marketing service by Conversant.

Rakuten Advertising (formerly Rakuten Affiliate Network and LinkShare) is an advertising network.

VDX.TV (formerly Exponential) offers several online advertising services: Tribal Fusion, FullTango, LeadGenuity and EchoTopic.

Infolinks is an advertising network offering in-text and other non-banner formats.

PulsePoint (formerly Adsdaq and ContextWeb) is an advertising exchange service.

Yahoo Advertising (formerly Verizon Media Advertising, Adtech, ONE by AOL, Yahoo Ad Tech and Oath Advertising) offers a range of advertising platforms.

Adblade is an advertising network focusing on premium publishers.

The Google Tag Manager is a Google service to support webmasters to manage tags on their websites.

Facebook Social Plugins provide a way for Facebook users to share web pages with their friends.

A Twitter/X Button allows a Twitter user to post a tweet from the visited site.

External Cascading Style Sheets define style rules in a separate CSS file.

Embedded Cascading Style Sheets define a set of style rules in a <style> element within a web page.

Inline Cascading Style Sheets define style rules directly within an (X)HTML element using the style attribute.

Session cookies are temporary cookies, which are deleted when the user closes the browser.

Persistent cookies with an expiration time of up to 1 day.

Persistent cookies with an expiration time between 1 day and 1 month.

HttpOnly cookies are used only in the HTTP protocol and not in client side scripts, which may increase security.

Non-HttpOnly cookies are used in the HTTP protocol and also in client side scripts, which may be a security threat.

Secure cookies are used only via an encrypted connections, which may increase security.

Gzip (GNU zip) is a file compression algorithm.

The Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) provides amongst others a vastly larger address space than the preceding version 4. We consider a website to support IPv6 if a 128-bit address is assigned to it, regardless of the content delivered at that address.

HTTP/2 is the second major version of the HTTP network protocol.

The websites redirects visitors to its www subdomain, e.g. from example.com to www.example.com.

The websites redirects visitors to use SSL encryption, e.g. from http://example.com/ to https://example.com/.

A strong ETag is an HTTP header field for validation of cached web pages, that indicates a byte-for-byte identical page in the cache.

HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) defines a mechanism enabling web sites to declare themselves accessible only via secure connections.

The Open Graph protocol, originally developed by Facebook, is an RDFa-based format that enables any web page to become a rich object in a social graph.

Twitter/X Cards enable automatic attachment of photos, videos and media elements to tweets.

JSON-LD (JavaScript Object Notation for Linked Data) is a method of encoding Linked Data using JSON.

Generic RDFa (Resource Description Framework in attributes) is RDFa without further specialization.

Microdata is a specification to integrate metadata within existing content on web pages.

Transitional version of XHTML.

HTML5 is the fifth revision of the HTML standard.

UTF-8 (8-bit Unicode Transformation Format) is a variable-length character encoding for Unicode, which is backwards compatible with ASCII.

PNG (Portable Network Graphics) is a lossless compression image format, suitable to store graphics with uniformly colored areas, and originally introduced as a free, open-source successor of GIF.

JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) is a lossy compression method suitable to store photographic images.

Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) is an XML-based vector image format.

ICO is an image file format for computer icons, originally used in Microsoft Windows, on the Web often used for favicons.

GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) is a lossless compression image format, originally introduced by CompuServe and suitable to store graphics, logos and simple animations.

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