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Discourse is an open source discussion platform written in Ruby on Rails.

PHP is a scripting language for creating websites.

Ruby is a general-purpose object-oriented language originally developed by Yukihiro "Matz" Matsumoto in Japan.

JavaScript is a lightweight, object-oriented, cross-platform scripting language, often used within web pages.

jQuery is a JavaScript library that simplifies HTML document traversing, event handling, animating and Ajax interaction. Originally developed by John Resig.

Cloudflare Server is a web server developed by Cloudflare.

The LiteSpeed Web Server is a lightweight web server by LiteSpeed Technologies.

Nginx (pronounced as "engine X") is a lightweight open source web server developed by Igor Sysoev.

Unix is a range of operating systems originally developed at Bell Labs. This includes Unix and Unix-like systems, such as Linux.

KnownHost is a US-based web hosting provider, offering white label hosting under the PrivateSystems brand.

DigitalOcean is a US-based web hosting provider.

KnownHost is a US-based web hosting provider, offering white label hosting under the PrivateSystems brand.

DigitalOcean is a US-based web hosting provider.

Cloudflare provides a content delivery network.

Cloudflare provides DNS servers and other web services.

Gmail is the email service provided by Google.

GlobalSign is an IT security service provider, also operating as SSL certificate authority.

Let’s Encrypt is a free, automated, and open certificate authority provided by the Internet Security Research Group.

The CDNJS is a content distribution network, hosting a large number of JavaScript libraries, provided by CloudFlare.

Google Analytics is a free service to get detailed statistics about the visitors of a website, provided by Google. This includes the Ads conversion tracking and the Floodlight services.

Cloudflare Web Analytics is a privacy-respecting website traffic analytics service.

Full Circle Studies collects information about general website visitation patterns as part of the ComScore market research.

ShinyStat is a tool for internet audience analysis and website statistics.

Lotame Crowd Control is an analytics package to measure social media behavior for publishers and advertisers.

The Google Advertising network consists of AdSense, DoubleClick and other services.

Equativ (formerly Smart AdServer) is an advertising networks for ads served on the web, mobile and tablets.

Adblade is an advertising network focusing on premium publishers.

Amazon Associates is the affiliate program of Amazon.

Microsoft Advertising is an advertising platform by Microsoft. This includes the former brands Xandr, AppNexus, Aquantive and others.

OpenX (previously called phpAds, phpAdsNew, MaxMediaManager and Openads) is an open source ad management system and ad marketplace.

Index Exchange (formerly Casale Media) is an advertising network.

PubMatic is a marketing automation software provider.

Epsilon (formerly Conversant and ValueClick) provides an advertising network.

The Google Tag Manager is a Google service to support webmasters to manage tags on their websites.

A Twitter/X Button allows a Twitter user to post a tweet from the visited site.

External Cascading Style Sheets define style rules in a separate CSS file.

Embedded Cascading Style Sheets define a set of style rules in a <style> element within a web page.

Inline Cascading Style Sheets define style rules directly within an (X)HTML element using the style attribute.

Brotli is a lossless compression algorithm developed by Google.

The Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) provides amongst others a vastly larger address space than the preceding version 4. We consider a website to support IPv6 if a 128-bit address is assigned to it, regardless of the content delivered at that address.

HTTP/2 is the second major version of the HTTP network protocol.

HTTP/3 is the third major version of the HTTP network protocol, derived from the QUIC protocol.

The websites redirects visitors to its www subdomain, e.g. from example.com to www.example.com.

The websites redirects visitors to use SSL encryption, e.g. from http://example.com/ to https://example.com/.

Gzip (GNU zip) is a file compression algorithm.

HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) defines a mechanism enabling web sites to declare themselves accessible only via secure connections.

The Open Graph protocol, originally developed by Facebook, is an RDFa-based format that enables any web page to become a rich object in a social graph.

Generic RDFa (Resource Description Framework in attributes) is RDFa without further specialization.

Twitter/X Cards enable automatic attachment of photos, videos and media elements to tweets.

JSON-LD (JavaScript Object Notation for Linked Data) is a method of encoding Linked Data using JSON.

Microdata is a specification to integrate metadata within existing content on web pages.

HTML5 is the fifth revision of the HTML standard.

UTF-8 (8-bit Unicode Transformation Format) is a variable-length character encoding for Unicode, which is backwards compatible with ASCII.

JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) is a lossy compression method suitable to store photographic images.

Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) is an XML-based vector image format.

GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) is a lossless compression image format, originally introduced by CompuServe and suitable to store graphics, logos and simple animations.

ICO is an image file format for computer icons, originally used in Microsoft Windows, on the Web often used for favicons.

PNG (Portable Network Graphics) is a lossless compression image format, suitable to store graphics with uniformly colored areas, and originally introduced as a free, open-source successor of GIF.

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